Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 174.0      ICD10: C50.919      ICD11: 2C6Z

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control.
These cells can invade other parts of the body and spread (metastasize).

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

What it is: It's a type of cancer that develops from cells in the breast.
Where it starts: It can start in different parts of the breast:
Lobules: The glands that produce milk.
Ducts: The tubes that carry milk to the nipple.
Connective tissue: The fibrous and fatty tissue that holds the breast together.
How it grows: Cancer cells divide and multiply rapidly, forming a tumor.
Spreading (Metastasis): If not treated, breast cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and then to other parts of the body, like the bones, lungs, liver, and brain.

Key aspects to understand:

It's not one disease: There are different types of breast cancer, based on factors like:
Hormone receptor status: Whether the cancer cells have receptors for estrogen and/or progesterone.
HER2 status: Whether the cancer cells have too much of the HER2 protein.
Grade: How abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope.
Risk factors: Many factors can increase the risk of breast cancer, including:
Age
Family history
Genetics (certain gene mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2)
Personal history of breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast conditions
Early menstruation
Late menopause
Having no children or having a first child later in life
Hormone therapy
Obesity
Alcohol consumption
Radiation exposure
Symptoms: Common symptoms can include:
A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast
Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
Nipple retraction (turning inward)
Skin changes on the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, or redness
Diagnosis: Breast cancer is usually diagnosed through a combination of:
Physical exam: A doctor examines the breasts for lumps or other abnormalities.
Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast.
Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create an image of the breast.
MRI: Uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast.
Biopsy: A sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer.
Treatment: Treatment options depend on the type and stage of breast cancer and may include:
Surgery: To remove the tumor (lumpectomy) or the entire breast (mastectomy).
Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
Hormone therapy: Blocks the effects of hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific proteins or genes that are involved in cancer growth.
Immunotherapy: Helps the body's immune system fight cancer.
Importance of Early Detection: Early detection through regular screening (mammograms, clinical breast exams, and breast self-exams) is crucial for improving outcomes.

If you have any concerns about breast cancer, please talk to your doctor. They can provide personalized advice and guidance. This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.