Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 180.9      ICD10: C53.9      ICD11: 2C77

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.


Here's a more detailed breakdown:

What it is: Cancer that develops in the cells lining the cervix.
Cause: Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection with certain high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that spreads through sexual contact.
Development: HPV can cause abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. Over time, if these abnormal cells are not detected and treated, they can develop into cancer.
Symptoms: Early-stage cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after sex, or after menopause)
Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor
Pelvic pain
Pain during intercourse
Prevention:
HPV Vaccination: Vaccination against HPV is highly effective in preventing infection with the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers. It's recommended for both girls and boys, ideally before they become sexually active.
Regular Screening: Regular Pap tests and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in the cervix, allowing for early treatment and prevention of cancer development.
Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
Diagnosis: Cervical cancer is typically diagnosed through:
Pap Test: A sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities.
HPV Test: A sample of cells is tested for the presence of HPV.
Colposcopy: If a Pap test or HPV test shows abnormal results, a colposcopy may be performed. This involves using a special magnifying instrument to examine the cervix more closely.
Biopsy: During a colposcopy, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for further examination.
Treatment: Treatment options for cervical cancer depend on the stage of the cancer and may include:
Surgery: To remove the cancerous tissue or the entire cervix and uterus.
Radiation Therapy: To kill cancer cells using high-energy beams.
Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells using drugs.
Targeted Therapy: To target specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: To help your immune system fight the cancer.
Importance of Screening: Regular screening is crucial because it can detect precancerous changes early, when they are most easily treated. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the chances of a successful outcome.

Important Note: This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.