Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 200.8      ICD10: C85.90      ICD11: 2B33.5

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system and includes:

Lymph nodes: Small, bean-shaped organs located throughout the body.
Lymph vessels: A network of tubes that carry lymph fluid.
Lymph fluid: Contains white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help fight infection.
Other lymphoid tissues: Including the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow.

In lymphoma, lymphocytes (specifically B cells or T cells) become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. These cancerous lymphocytes can accumulate in lymph nodes and other organs, causing swelling and other symptoms.

Key aspects of Lymphoma:

Type of Cancer: It's a cancer of the lymphatic system.
Origin: Starts in lymphocytes (B cells or T cells).
Growth: Abnormal lymphocytes multiply uncontrollably.
Location: Can affect lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs.
Hodgkin vs. Non-Hodgkin: The two main types of Lymphoma.

Two Main Types of Lymphoma:

1. Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Characterized by the presence of specific abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. HL is often more predictable in its spread.
2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A large group of lymphomas that don't have Reed-Sternberg cells. NHL is more common than Hodgkin lymphoma and has many different subtypes. Subtypes can be classified as either aggressive (fast-growing) or indolent (slow-growing).

Common Symptoms of Lymphoma:

Painless swelling of lymph nodes: Usually in the neck, armpits, or groin.
Fatigue: Persistent tiredness.
Fever: Unexplained fever.
Night sweats: Drenching sweats at night.
Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss.
Itching: Persistent itching.
Coughing or trouble breathing: If lymphoma affects the chest.
Abdominal pain or swelling: If lymphoma affects the abdomen.

Diagnosis:

Physical exam: To check for swollen lymph nodes.
Blood tests: To assess overall health.
Lymph node biopsy: To examine lymph node tissue under a microscope and identify cancerous cells.
Imaging tests: Such as CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, to determine the extent of the lymphoma.
Bone marrow biopsy: To check if lymphoma has spread to the bone marrow.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the type and stage of lymphoma, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include:

Chemotherapy: Drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: High-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Drugs to help the immune system fight cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific proteins or pathways in cancer cells.
Stem cell transplant: Replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
Watchful waiting: For some slow-growing lymphomas, treatment may be delayed until symptoms appear.

Important Considerations:

Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment. If you experience any of the symptoms of lymphoma, see a doctor.
Lymphoma is a complex disease with many different subtypes. It's essential to work with a hematologist or oncologist experienced in treating lymphoma to develop the best treatment plan for your specific case.
Prognosis varies depending on the type and stage of lymphoma. Some types of lymphoma are highly curable, while others are more challenging to treat.

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.*