Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 163.9      ICD10: C38.4      ICD11: 2F10

Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that primarily affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart.
It's almost exclusively caused by exposure to asbestos. Let's break it down:

What it is: A type of cancer. Cancer occurs when cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
Where it occurs:
Pleural mesothelioma: The most common type, affecting the lining of the lungs (the pleura).
Peritoneal mesothelioma: Affects the lining of the abdomen (the peritoneum).
Pericardial mesothelioma: Affects the lining around the heart (the pericardium), which is very rare.
Testicular mesothelioma: The rarest form, affecting the lining of the testicles.
Cause: Almost always caused by exposure to asbestos. Asbestos fibers, when inhaled or swallowed, can become lodged in the lining of these organs, leading to inflammation and eventually cancer.
Latency period: Mesothelioma typically takes 20-50 years (or more) to develop after asbestos exposure. This long latency period makes diagnosis challenging.
Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the location of the cancer, but can include:
Pleural mesothelioma: Chest pain, shortness of breath, fluid buildup around the lungs (pleural effusion), cough, fatigue, weight loss.
Peritoneal mesothelioma: Abdominal pain, swelling, fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites), nausea, vomiting, weight loss.
Pericardial mesothelioma: Chest pain, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves a combination of imaging tests (like X-rays, CT scans, MRI), and a biopsy (taking a tissue sample for examination under a microscope).
Treatment: Treatment options depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. They can include:
Surgery: To remove the tumor or parts of the lining.
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Using the body's own immune system to fight cancer.
Palliative care: Focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.
Prognosis: Mesothelioma is generally considered an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. However, advancements in treatment are being made, and some patients may live longer with treatment.

Important points to remember:

Asbestos is the primary cause: If you have been exposed to asbestos, it's important to be aware of the risk and talk to your doctor about potential screening and monitoring.
Early detection is key: While mesothelioma is difficult to cure, early detection can improve treatment outcomes.
Support is available: There are many organizations and support groups that can provide information, resources, and emotional support to patients and their families.

This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.*