Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 233.4      ICD10: D07.5      ICD11: 2C82

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.


Here's a more detailed explanation:

What is the Prostate?

The prostate gland sits below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body.
The prostate's main function is to produce a fluid that makes up part of semen. This fluid helps to nourish and protect sperm.

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably.
These cells can form a tumor that can potentially spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men.

Key characteristics of Prostate Cancer

Slow Growth: Prostate cancer often grows slowly, and some types may never cause significant problems.
Age-Related: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. It's most common in men over 50.
Variable Aggressiveness: Some prostate cancers are slow-growing and relatively harmless, while others are aggressive and can spread quickly.

Symptoms:
In early stages, prostate cancer may cause no signs or symptoms.
Prostate cancer that's more advanced may cause signs and symptoms such as:
Trouble urinating
Decreased force in the stream of urine
Blood in the semen
Bone pain
Erectile dysfunction

Risk Factors:

Age: The risk increases significantly after age 50.
Family History: Having a father or brother with prostate cancer increases your risk.
Race: Prostate cancer is more common in African-American men than in men of other races.
Diet: Some research suggests that a diet high in red meat and high-fat dairy products may increase the risk.
Obesity: Obese men may have a higher risk of more aggressive prostate cancer.

Diagnosis:

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: A blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, but can also be caused by other conditions.
Biopsy: If the DRE or PSA test is abnormal, a biopsy may be performed. A biopsy involves taking small samples of prostate tissue for examination under a microscope. This is the only way to definitively diagnose prostate cancer.
Imaging Tests: If cancer is diagnosed, imaging tests like MRI or bone scans may be used to determine if the cancer has spread.

Treatment:

Treatment options depend on several factors, including:

The stage and grade of the cancer
The patient's age and overall health
The patient's preferences

Common treatment options include:

Active Surveillance: Closely monitoring the cancer without immediate treatment. This is often used for slow-growing cancers that are not causing symptoms.
Surgery: Removal of the prostate gland (radical prostatectomy).
Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Hormone Therapy: Reducing the levels of male hormones (androgens) in the body, which can slow the growth of prostate cancer.
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth.
Immunotherapy: Using the body's own immune system to fight cancer.

Important Considerations:

Screening: Talk to your doctor about whether prostate cancer screening is right for you. Guidelines vary, and there are risks and benefits to consider.
Early Detection: Early detection is key to successful treatment.
Individualized Treatment: Treatment should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and preferences.

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and educational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment. They can provide personalized advice based on your individual circumstances.