Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 097.9      ICD10: A53.9      ICD11: 1A6Z

Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
It starts as a painless sore, typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores.

Without treatment, syphilis can progress through stages, eventually causing serious health problems, including:

Damage to internal organs: Including the brain, nerves, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints.
Neurological problems: Such as stroke, meningitis, dementia, pain, numbness, and visual disturbances.
Cardiovascular problems: Like aneurysms and heart valve disease.
Death: In severe, untreated cases.
Increased risk of HIV infection: Syphilis sores make it easier to contract HIV.
Problems during pregnancy: Untreated syphilis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or congenital syphilis in the newborn.

Stages of Syphilis:

Primary: Characterized by a single sore (chancre) at the site of infection.
Secondary: Rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, fatigue.
Latent: No visible signs or symptoms, but the bacteria remain in the body.
Tertiary: Can occur years after the initial infection and can damage the brain, nerves, heart, or other organs.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Syphilis is diagnosed through blood tests. It is treatable with antibiotics, usually penicillin. Early treatment is crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Prevention:

Abstinence
Monogamous relationship with a tested partner
Consistent and correct use of condoms
Regular screening, especially for sexually active individuals.

Important Note: If you suspect you may have syphilis or have been exposed to it, it's crucial to see a doctor for testing and treatment. Don't rely on self-diagnosis or home remedies.